{
  "title": "Project management: can experts alone validate instructions for beginners?",
  "url": "https://www.shr.swiss/blog/gestion-de-projet-experts-valider-consignes-debutants-en",
  "language": "en",
  "datePublished": "2025-09-28",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "SHR — Swiss Human Resources",
    "url": "https://www.shr.swiss",
    "address": "Esplanade de Pont-Rouge 9A, 1212 Lancy, Suisse"
  },
  "summary": "Technically correct instructions are not necessarily usable without help. Research suggests distinguishing expert approval from a beginner's test of understanding.",
  "section": "Research",
  "topic": "Project Management",
  "place": {
    "name": "Sion",
    "region": "Valais",
    "country": "CH"
  },
  "keyPoints": [
    {
      "heading": "What the literature establishes",
      "point": "Pamela Hinds (1999, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied) studied how people with different levels of expertise predict the time beginners need to complete a task."
    },
    {
      "heading": "The mechanism: information that is hard to forget",
      "point": "Colin Camerer, George Loewenstein and Martin Weber (1989, Journal of Political Economy) experimentally investigated the “curse of knowledge”: possessing information can distort one's assessment of the judgements made by people who lack it."
    },
    {
      "heading": "The premature conclusion",
      "point": "One might conclude that experts should be excluded from writing instructions."
    },
    {
      "heading": "The limits of the evidence and of routine validation",
      "point": "These experiments cannot quantify the errors that instructions might cause in a hydropower, hospital or tourism project."
    },
    {
      "heading": "A practical check in Sion",
      "point": "As part of the “[Project Management](/formation/gestion-de-projet/sion)” programme at SHR — Swiss Human Resources, an exercise in Sion could focus on instructions relating to hydropower, healthcare, viticulture or alpine tourism, carried out in a simulation without exposure to risk."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "authors": "Hinds",
      "year": "1999",
      "source": "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"
    },
    {
      "authors": "Weber",
      "year": "1989",
      "source": "Journal of Political Economy"
    }
  ],
  "wordCount": 440,
  "image": "https://www.shr.swiss/img/blog-Training-Project-Management-Sion-gestion-de-projet-experts-valider-consignes-debutants-en.jpg?v=4",
  "translations": {
    "fr": "https://www.shr.swiss/blog/gestion-de-projet-experts-valider-consignes-debutants",
    "en": "https://www.shr.swiss/blog/gestion-de-projet-experts-valider-consignes-debutants-en",
    "de": "https://www.shr.swiss/blog/gestion-de-projet-experts-valider-consignes-debutants-de",
    "it": "https://www.shr.swiss/blog/gestion-de-projet-experts-valider-consignes-debutants-it"
  },
  "relatedPages": {
    "programme": "https://www.shr.swiss/formation/gestion-de-projet/sion",
    "city": "https://www.shr.swiss/formations-ville/sion",
    "blog": "https://www.shr.swiss/blog"
  },
  "citationPolicy": "Citation autorisée avec mention « SHR — Swiss Human Resources » et lien vers l'article."
}